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# Liquid Paraffin ## Overview Liquid paraffin, also known as mineral oil, is a highly refined petroleum distillate. It acts as an emollient and a lubricant. ## Primary Indications * **Constipation:** Used as a laxative to promote bowel movements. * **Skin Conditions:** Applied topically as an emollient to soothe and moisturize dry, itchy skin. ## Adult Dosing * **Constipation:** * Oral: 15-45 mL once daily, typically at bedtime. Maximum dose is generally not established but should be used judiciously due to potential side effects. Dosing may be adjusted based on patient response and clinical judgment. ## Pediatric Dosing * **Constipation:** * Oral: * 1-6 years: 5-15 mL once daily at bedtime. * 6-12 years: 10-20 mL once daily at bedtime. * Dosing for children under 1 year should be determined by a healthcare provider. Safety and efficacy in neonates are not well-established. ## Dose Adjustments No specific dose adjustments are typically required for renal or hepatic impairment. Dosing should be individualized based on patient response and tolerance. ## Contraindications * Patients with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) due to risk of aspiration and lipoid pneumonia. * History of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis). * Intestinal obstruction or severe abdominal pain. * Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin. ## Adverse Effects * **Gastrointestinal:** Abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anal leakage/incontinence (especially with higher doses or prolonged use). * **Aspiration:** Lipoid pneumonia (potentially fatal) if aspirated into the lungs, especially in the elderly or those with impaired swallowing reflexes. * **Nutritional:** May interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic, high-dose use. ## Key Drug Interactions * **Fat-Soluble Vitamins:** May decrease absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Consider separation of administration or vitamin supplementation if prolonged use is anticipated. * **Cholestyramine/Colestipol:** May enhance the effects of mineral oil by increasing stool fluidity. * **Docusate Sodium:** Concurrent use may increase the risk of anal leakage. ## Monitoring * Monitor for signs of abdominal discomfort, cramping, or anal leakage. * Assess for effectiveness in relieving constipation. * In patients with risk factors for aspiration, monitor for respiratory symptoms. * For chronic use, consider monitoring fat-soluble vitamin levels. ## Clinical Pearls * Administer at bedtime to minimize disruption and potential for anal leakage during the day. * Advise patients to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after oral administration to reduce aspiration risk. * Due to the risk of lipoid pneumonia, it is generally not recommended for long-term use, especially in the elderly or those with swallowing difficulties. * Topical application provides a protective barrier and reduces water loss from the skin. *** **Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult the most current prescribing information and relevant clinical guidelines before making any treatment decisions.