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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as a lubricant laxative. It works by softening the stool and coating the intestinal walls, easing defecation.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* 10 mL to 30 mL once daily, typically at bedtime.
* Maximum dose is generally 45 mL daily, but follow local protocols.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **1 to 5 years:** 5 mL once daily.
* **6 to 12 years:** 10 mL once daily.
* **Over 12 years:** Use adult dosing.
* **Under 1 year:** Use is generally not recommended. If used, doses are typically lower (e.g., 2.5-5 mL) and under strict medical supervision. Consult specific pediatric guidelines or local protocols.
## Dose Adjustments
* No dose adjustments are typically required for renal or hepatic impairment.
## Contraindications
* Appendicitis or symptoms of acute abdominal conditions.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Fecal impaction.
* Known hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
## Adverse Effects
* Diarrhea
* Abdominal cramps
* Nausea
* Anal leakage or soiling (especially with higher doses or if taken upright)
* Potential for lipid pneumonia if aspirated into the lungs (risk is higher in infants and the elderly, or with rapid ingestion).
* Long-term use can lead to decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):** Liquid paraffin can reduce their absorption. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
* **Mineral oil laxatives in general:** Concurrent use with other mineral oil preparations is generally not advised.
## Monitoring
* Monitor for bowel movements, stool consistency, and signs of dehydration or electrolyte imbalance if diarrhea occurs.
* Assess for abdominal pain or distension.
## Clinical Pearls
* Best administered at bedtime to allow for overnight action and minimize interruption of daily activities by bowel movements.
* Advise patients to take it in a slightly upright position to reduce the risk of aspiration.
* Avoid prolonged use (typically longer than 1-2 weeks) without medical advice due to the risk of vitamin malabsorption and potential for dependency.
* Warn patients about potential anal leakage, especially when lying down.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and local protocols before making clinical decisions.*
