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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a highly refined mineral oil used as a laxative. It works by softening the stool and lubricating the intestinal tract, making defecation easier.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 15 mL to 45 mL once daily at bedtime.
* Some sources suggest a range of 10 mL to 30 mL two to three times daily. Specific dosing may depend on local protocols and patient response. Maximum daily dose is generally not specified but should be used judiciously to avoid dependence.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Oral:** Dosing is not well-established for children. Use with caution and only under medical supervision. Generally, lower doses than adults would receive are considered. For children aged 1-12 years, a starting dose of 5 mL to 10 mL once daily at bedtime is sometimes used, but this is not universally standardized.
## Dose Adjustments
* **Renal/Hepatic Impairment:** No specific dose adjustments are typically required, as it is not systemically absorbed.
## Contraindications
* Appendicitis or symptoms of acute abdominal conditions.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Fecal impaction.
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Difficulty swallowing (risk of aspiration).
## Adverse Effects
* Gastrointestinal: Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anal leakage.
* Long-term use or aspiration: Risk of lipid pneumonia, vitamin malabsorption (especially fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K), and perianal irritation.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):** Liquid paraffin can reduce the absorption of these vitamins. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
* **Mineral oil:** Concurrent use of other mineral oil products should be avoided.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movements and stool consistency.
* Signs of anal leakage or perianal irritation.
* If used long-term, monitor for signs of vitamin deficiencies.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer at bedtime to reduce anal leakage during the day.
* Do not administer with meals.
* Avoid use in patients at risk of aspiration, such as the elderly or those with impaired gag reflexes.
* Long-term, regular use should be discouraged due to potential for dependence and complications. It is best used for short-term relief of constipation.
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*This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and relevant clinical guidelines for complete and up-to-date details.*
