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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It works by lubricating the intestinal walls, softening the stool, and promoting bowel movements.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Laxative:** 10-30 mL orally once daily, typically at bedtime. The dose can be adjusted based on response.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Laxative:** Dosing is highly variable and depends on age and weight. A common starting point for children over 1 year old is 5 mL once daily. For younger children, consult specific pediatric guidelines or a pediatrician. Maximum dose should not exceed 10 mL per day for children under 5 years of age.
## Dose Adjustments
* No dose adjustments are typically required for renal or hepatic impairment.
## Contraindications
* Appendicitis or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Difficulty swallowing (risk of aspiration).
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
## Adverse Effects
* Diarrhea
* Abdominal cramps
* Nausea
* Anal leakage (particularly with higher doses or if taken while lying down)
* Lipid pneumonia (rare, primarily from aspiration)
* Reduced absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):** Chronic use may decrease absorption. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
* **Mineral oil laxative use in general:** May affect the absorption of other orally administered medications due to its effect on gastrointestinal transit time.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movement frequency and consistency.
* Signs of abdominal distension or pain.
* Signs of aspiration (coughing, choking, shortness of breath), especially in infants and elderly.
## Clinical Pearls
* Best taken at bedtime to minimize daytime inconvenience from anal leakage.
* Avoid administration to individuals with a risk of aspiration (e.g., elderly, those with swallowing difficulties, or unconscious patients).
* Long-term, regular use should be discouraged due to potential vitamin malabsorption and other complications.
* Ensure adequate fluid intake when using as a laxative.
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**Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and local protocols for definitive guidance.
