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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as a laxative and emollient. It works by coating the stool and intestinal walls, softening the stool and easing defecation. It is not absorbed by the body.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
* Prevention of fecal impaction
## Adult Dosing
* **Laxative:** 10-30 mL once daily, usually at bedtime. Higher doses may be used for fecal impaction, but under medical supervision.
## Pediatric Dosing
Dosing varies by age and weight and should be determined by a healthcare provider.
* **Children 1-5 years:** 5 mL once daily.
* **Children 6-12 years:** 10 mL once daily.
* **Children over 12 years:** As per adult dosing.
* **Infants:** Generally not recommended due to risk of aspiration and potential for adverse effects. If used, it requires strict medical supervision and low doses.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are typically required for hepatic or renal impairment, as the drug is not systemically absorbed. However, caution should be exercised in the elderly and frail due to increased risk of aspiration.
## Contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation.
* Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain of unknown origin.
* Appendicitis or symptoms suggestive of appendicitis.
* Concurrent use of docusate sodium.
## Adverse Effects
* Anal leakage or soiling.
* Abdominal cramping or pain.
* Nausea.
* Lipoid pneumonia (if aspirated, particularly in infants or debilitated individuals).
* Reduced absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins:** Chronic use can decrease absorption. Consider vitamin supplementation if long-term therapy is necessary.
* **Docusate sodium:** Concurrent use is contraindicated.
* **Other laxatives:** Concurrent use can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalance.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movements (frequency and consistency).
* Signs of abdominal discomfort or obstruction.
* For long-term use, monitor for signs of vitamin deficiencies.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted.
* Do not take immediately before lying down to minimize aspiration risk.
* Advise patients to report any rectal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, or sudden abdominal pain.
* Long-term, regular use should be avoided due to potential for dependence and reduced nutrient absorption.
* It is not intended for chronic management of constipation.
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**Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and relevant clinical guidelines for complete and up-to-date details before making any treatment decisions.
