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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a highly refined mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It works by lubricating the intestinal tract, softening the stool, and stimulating bowel movements.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
* Prevention of fecal impaction
## Adult Dosing
* **Laxative:** 15-45 mL once daily, typically at bedtime.
* **Emollient:** Applied topically as needed for dry skin.
## Pediatric Dosing
Dosing varies significantly by age and weight. Consult product labeling or a pediatric specialist. General guidelines suggest:
* **Ages 1-11 years:** 5-10 mL once daily.
* **Ages 12 years and older:** As per adult dosing.
* **Infants under 1 year:** Generally not recommended without medical supervision.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are typically required for hepatic or renal impairment.
## Contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Appendicitis or other acute abdominal conditions.
* Children under 1 year of age (oral use) due to increased risk of aspiration and lipid pneumonia.
## Adverse Effects
* **Gastrointestinal:** Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, anal leakage (especially with higher doses or inadequate fluid intake).
* **Pulmonary (rare but serious with aspiration):** Lipoid pneumonia.
* **Systemic:** Interference with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic or high-dose use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins:** Chronic use may decrease absorption. Consider separate administration or vitamin supplementation.
* **Mineral oil in general:** May decrease absorption of other orally administered medications due to its effect on gastrointestinal transit and potential to form a barrier.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movements (frequency and consistency).
* Signs of abdominal discomfort or obstruction.
* For chronic users, monitor for signs of vitamin deficiency.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted and do not dilute immediately before administration.
* Advise patients to drink a full glass of water with each dose to aid efficacy and reduce the risk of anal leakage.
* Avoid administration close to bedtime to minimize the risk of aspiration, particularly in the elderly or those with impaired gag reflexes.
* Topical application can be messy; protect clothing and bedding.
* Long-term, regular use should be avoided due to potential for dependence and malabsorption.
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*This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always verify current prescribing information and consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making any treatment decisions.*
