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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as a laxative. It lubricates the intestinal walls, softening the stool and facilitating its passage. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
## Primary Indications
Constipation.
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10 mL to 30 mL once daily, typically at bedtime. The dose may be adjusted based on response.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Oral:** Dosing varies by age and weight.
* Children 1-5 years: 5 mL once daily.
* Children 6-12 years: 10 mL once daily.
* Children over 12 years: As per adult dosing.
* Dosing should be carefully considered due to the risk of aspiration, especially in younger children.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are typically required for renal or hepatic impairment, as the drug is minimally absorbed.
## Contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms of appendicitis or undiagnosed abdominal conditions.
* Children under 1 year of age (due to risk of aspiration and potential adverse effects).
## Adverse Effects
The most significant adverse effects are related to aspiration:
* Lipoid pneumonia (especially with chronic use or in patients with impaired swallowing).
* Anal leakage or seepage, leading to skin irritation.
* Abdominal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea (if dose is too high).
* Rarely, vitamin malabsorption (A, D, E, K) with chronic, high-dose use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Mineral oil can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and certain medications absorbed by passive diffusion, such as digoxin and some anticoagulants.** It is recommended to administer liquid paraffin at least 2 hours apart from these agents.
## Monitoring
* Monitor for bowel movements and relief of constipation.
* Assess for signs of anal leakage or skin irritation.
* Monitor for signs of aspiration, particularly in vulnerable populations.
* If used chronically, consider monitoring for vitamin deficiencies.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted.
* Avoid lying down immediately after taking liquid paraffin to reduce the risk of aspiration.
* Long-term, regular use is not generally recommended due to the risk of lipid pneumonia and vitamin malabsorption. Intermittent use for short durations is preferred.
* Ensure adequate fluid intake when using laxatives.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for clinical use and does not replace professional medical judgment. Always consult the most current prescribing information and relevant clinical guidelines before making any treatment decisions.*
