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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It works by lubricating the bowel and softening stool, facilitating easier passage.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10-30 mL once daily or divided into 2-3 doses.
* **Rectal (enema):** 100-150 mL as a single enema.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Oral:**
* 1-5 years: 5 mL once daily.
* 6-12 years: 10 mL once daily.
* Over 12 years: Use adult dosing.
* **Rectal (enema):** Not typically recommended for children under 12 years unless specifically directed by a physician.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are required for hepatic or renal impairment.
## Contraindications
* Intestinal obstruction
* Appendicitis symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin
## Adverse Effects
* Anal leakage (especially with higher doses)
* Abdominal cramping
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Lipoid pneumonia (if aspirated, especially in the elderly or those with impaired gag reflexes)
* Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic, long-term use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins:** Chronic use may reduce absorption; consider supplementation if long-term therapy is necessary.
* **Other medications:** May decrease the absorption of other orally administered medications due to its lubricating effect; separate administration by at least 2 hours.
## Monitoring
* Monitor for signs of constipation relief or diarrhea.
* Assess for anal leakage and abdominal discomfort.
* Long-term use requires monitoring for potential vitamin deficiencies.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer at bedtime to minimize anal leakage during the day.
* Avoid use in individuals at risk of aspiration (e.g., elderly, infants, individuals with dysphagia or impaired gag reflex) due to the risk of lipoid pneumonia.
* Do not administer with meals.
* Encourage adequate fluid intake alongside laxative use.
* Long-term, regular use of liquid paraffin is generally discouraged due to potential adverse effects and impact on vitamin absorption.
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**Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and product literature for complete details. Dosing may vary based on individual patient factors and local protocols.
