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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It lubricates the intestinal tract, softening stool and facilitating bowel movements.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Laxative:** 10-30 mL once daily, or as needed. Maximum dose not clearly established, but doses exceeding 45 mL daily are generally not recommended.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Constipation:**
* 1-5 years: 5 mL once daily.
* 6-12 years: 10 mL once daily.
* Greater than 12 years: As per adult dosing.
* Doses may be adjusted based on clinical response and tolerability, typically under medical supervision.
## Dose Adjustments
* No specific dose adjustments are typically required for hepatic or renal impairment, as systemic absorption is minimal.
## Contraindications
* Ileus
* Gastrointestinal obstruction
* Abdominal pain of unknown origin
* Nausea and vomiting of unknown origin
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin
## Adverse Effects
* **Common:** Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, anal leakage (especially with higher doses or in those with reduced sphincter control).
* **Rare/Serious:** Risk of lipid pneumonia if aspirated (particularly in infants, elderly, or those with impaired swallowing). Impaired absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic, high-dose use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):** May reduce absorption with chronic, concurrent use. Consider separating administration or supplementing vitamins.
* **Other medications:** May potentially reduce the absorption of other orally administered drugs by forming a physical barrier. Consider separating administration by at least 2 hours.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movement frequency and consistency.
* Signs of anal leakage or leakage of oil.
* Signs of abdominal pain or cramping.
* For long-term or high-dose use, monitor for signs of vitamin malabsorption.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted or mixed with water.
* Avoid administration immediately before lying down to reduce the risk of aspiration.
* Should be used for short-term relief of constipation. Chronic use can lead to dependence and potential complications.
* The risk of aspiration and lipid pneumonia is a significant concern, especially in vulnerable populations.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always verify current prescribing information and local protocols before making clinical decisions.*
