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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It lubricates the intestinal tract, softening stool and easing defecation.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
* Prevention of fecal impaction
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10-30 mL once daily or as needed. Maximum dose typically not specified but should be used judiciously.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Oral:**
* 1-5 years: 5 mL once daily.
* 6-12 years: 10 mL once daily.
* Over 12 years: 10-20 mL once daily.
* Dosing is typically based on age and individual response.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are required for hepatic or renal impairment.
## Contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
* Inhalation or aspiration of mineral oil can cause lipoid pneumonia; caution in patients with dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, or who are bedridden.
## Adverse Effects
* Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
* Anal leakage (especially with higher doses).
* Pruritus, rash.
* Vitamin malabsorption (with chronic use, particularly fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K).
* Lipoid pneumonia (if aspirated).
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Mineral oil can decrease the absorption of:** Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), digoxin, and certain oral medications (e.g., anticoagulants, oral contraceptives) due to its lubricating effect and potential for decreased gastrointestinal transit. Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
## Monitoring
* Monitor for bowel movements and relief of constipation.
* Assess for adverse effects, particularly abdominal cramping and anal leakage.
* Consider monitoring for signs of vitamin deficiency with prolonged or high-dose use.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted or with a small amount of water. Do not dilute in milk.
* Avoid taking at bedtime, as it increases the risk of aspiration, especially in the elderly or debilitated.
* Advise patients that anal leakage can occur and may be managed by reducing the dose.
* Chronic use may interfere with nutrient absorption; a balanced diet and adequate fluid intake are essential.
* Emphasize that it is for occasional use and not a substitute for regular bowel habits.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for clinical use and does not replace professional medical judgment. Always verify current prescribing information with the official product monograph or relevant guidelines before administering any medication.*
