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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as an emollient and laxative. It lubricates the intestinal tract, softening stool and promoting bowel movements.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Laxative:** 10-30 mL once daily, typically at bedtime.
* **Emollient:** Topical application as needed for dry skin.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Constipation (Under 12 years):** Dosing is not well-established and should be guided by a healthcare provider. Generally, lower doses than adults are used, often starting with 5 mL.
* **Constipation (12 years and older):** 10-20 mL once daily at bedtime.
* **Emollient:** Topical application as needed.
## Dose Adjustments
No dose adjustments are typically required for hepatic or renal impairment.
## Contraindications
* Appendicitis or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Patients who are bedridden or have difficulty swallowing (risk of aspiration leading to lipoid pneumonia).
## Adverse Effects
* **Gastrointestinal:** Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, anal leakage.
* **Long-term use:** Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), potential for dependence.
* **Aspiration:** Lipoid pneumonia (rare but serious, especially in debilitated patients or those with swallowing difficulties).
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Mineral Oil:** Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and other orally administered drugs that require fat for absorption (e.g., some anticoagulants). Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movement frequency and consistency.
* Signs of abdominal pain or distension.
* For long-term use, monitor for signs of vitamin deficiency.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer at bedtime to minimize daytime inconvenience from anal leakage.
* Do not administer with meals or to patients at risk of aspiration.
* Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients.
* Limit duration of use for constipation to avoid dependence and vitamin malabsorption.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for clinical professionals. Always verify current prescribing information and consult relevant guidelines before making treatment decisions.*
