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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as a laxative and lubricant. It forms a barrier in the intestine, preventing water reabsorption from the stool and softening its consistency.
## Primary Indications
* Constipation
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10-30 mL once daily, typically at bedtime.
* Maximum dose: Not well-established, but excessive doses increase the risk of adverse effects.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Children 6-12 years:** 5-10 mL once daily.
* **Children 1-5 years:** 2.5-5 mL once daily.
* **Under 1 year:** Generally not recommended due to risk of aspiration and systemic absorption. If used, dosage should be determined by a physician.
## Dose Adjustments
No dose adjustments are typically required for hepatic or renal impairment.
## Contraindications
* Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms of appendicitis or undiagnosed abdominal conditions.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Difficulty swallowing (risk of aspiration).
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
## Adverse Effects
* Diarrhea
* Abdominal cramping
* Nausea
* Anal leakage (particularly with higher doses)
* Lipoid pneumonia (if aspirated, especially in infants or elderly)
* Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) with chronic, high-dose use.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K):** Liquid paraffin can decrease their absorption. Administer vitamins at least 2 hours apart from liquid paraffin.
* **Docusate:** Concomitant use may increase systemic absorption of mineral oil.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movements (frequency and consistency)
* Signs of electrolyte imbalance if diarrhea occurs.
* For chronic use, monitor for signs of vitamin malabsorption.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer at bedtime to minimize anal leakage during the day.
* Do not administer with meals to avoid potential aspiration and reduced nutrient absorption.
* Avoid use in patients with dysphagia or a history of aspiration.
* Short-term use is recommended; chronic use may lead to dependence and vitamin deficiencies.
* If symptoms persist after 1 week of use, consult a healthcare provider.
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*Disclaimer: This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and relevant clinical guidelines for definitive patient management.*
