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# Liquid Paraffin
## Overview
Liquid paraffin is a mineral oil used as a laxative. It works by softening the stool and lubricating the intestinal tract, making bowel movements easier. It is not absorbed by the body.
## Primary Indications
Constipation.
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10-30 mL once daily, typically at bedtime. The dose can be adjusted based on response.
* **Maximum Dose:** Not explicitly defined, but higher doses increase the risk of adverse effects. Doses are usually titrated to effect.
## Pediatric Dosing
* **Under 1 year:** Generally not recommended due to aspiration risk. If used, doses are typically very low (e.g., 1-5 mL once daily) under strict medical supervision.
* **1-5 years:** 5-10 mL once daily.
* **6-12 years:** 10-20 mL once daily.
* **Over 12 years:** As per adult dosing.
* **Note:** Dosing in children can vary based on age, weight, and clinical judgment. Always consult specific pediatric guidelines or a pediatrician.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustments are typically required for renal or hepatic impairment as the drug is not systemically absorbed.
## Contraindications
* Appendicitis or undiagnosed abdominal pain.
* Intestinal obstruction.
* Hypersensitivity to liquid paraffin.
* Risk of aspiration (e.g., in young children or those with swallowing difficulties).
## Adverse Effects
* Gastrointestinal: Anal leakage, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
* Long-term use: Vitamin malabsorption (fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K), lipoid pneumonia (if aspirated).
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Mineral oil:** Can decrease the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and certain medications administered concurrently (e.g., anticoagulants like warfarin, docusate). Separate administration by at least 2 hours.
## Monitoring
* Bowel movement frequency and consistency.
* Signs of electrolyte imbalance if diarrhea occurs.
* For long-term use, consider monitoring for vitamin deficiencies.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer undiluted and with caution, especially in children, due to the risk of aspiration and lipoid pneumonia.
* Avoid use in patients with swallowing difficulties.
* Taking at bedtime minimizes daytime leakage.
* Long-term daily use should be avoided. It is intended for short-term relief of constipation.
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**Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Always consult the most current prescribing information and local guidelines for definitive drug management.
