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# Isoxsuprine hydrochloride
## Overview
Isoxsuprine hydrochloride is a peripheral vasodilator. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood but is thought to involve direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
## Primary Indications
* Treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and intermittent claudication.
## Adult Dosing
* **Oral:** 10 mg to 20 mg three to four times daily.
* Maximum dose is generally not specified, but doses exceeding 80 mg daily are rarely used.
## Pediatric Dosing
* Information regarding pediatric dosing is not established. Use is generally not recommended in children.
## Dose Adjustments
* No specific dose adjustments are recommended for renal or hepatic impairment. However, caution should be exercised in patients with severe disease.
## Contraindications
* Use in patients who should avoid an increase in heart rate or cardiac output (e.g., patients with congenital heart disease, thyrotoxicosis, or tachycardia).
* Hypersensitivity to isoxsuprine.
## Adverse Effects
* **Common:** Nausea, vomiting, gastric distress, dizziness, weakness, flushing, rash.
* **Less Common:** Hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations, drowsiness, nervousness.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Antihypertensives:** Isoxsuprine may cause hypotension, potentially potentiating the effects of antihypertensive medications.
* **Sympathomimetic agents:** May increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects due to additive effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
## Monitoring
* Monitor blood pressure and heart rate.
* Assess for improvement in peripheral circulation symptoms (e.g., pain, cramping).
* Monitor for adverse effects.
## Clinical Pearls
* The efficacy of isoxsuprine in the treatment of PVD is controversial and not well-established by robust clinical trials.
* It is often used as an adjunct to other therapies, such as exercise and lifestyle modifications.
* Administration with food may reduce gastric irritation.
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**Disclaimer:** This information is intended for healthcare professionals. It is essential to consult the most current prescribing information and relevant literature for definitive guidance. Local protocols may vary.
