Please check your internet connection and try again.
# Ibuprofen
## Overview
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis.
## Primary Indications
* Pain relief (mild to moderate)
* Fever reduction
* Inflammation associated with conditions like arthritis
## Adult Dosing
* **Pain and Fever:** 200 mg to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
* **Inflammation (e.g., arthritis):** 400 mg to 800 mg three times daily.
* **Maximum Daily Dose:** 3200 mg for rheumatoid arthritis; typically limited to 2400 mg for over-the-counter use and general pain/fever management.
## Pediatric Dosing
Dosing is typically based on weight. Follow manufacturer guidelines or local protocol.
* **Fever and Pain:** 5 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg per dose orally every 6 to 8 hours.
* **Maximum Daily Dose:** 40 mg/kg per day, not to exceed 2400 mg/day in adolescents or the adult maximum.
* **Infants < 6 months:** Use with caution and only under medical supervision.
## Dose Adjustments
No specific dose adjustment is generally required for hepatic or renal impairment, but caution is advised. Ibuprofen should be used cautiously in patients with pre-existing renal or hepatic disease.
## Contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen, aspirin, or other NSAIDs.
* History of bronchospasm, asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.
* Perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
* Active gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcer disease.
## Adverse Effects
Common adverse effects include:
* Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia
* Dizziness, headache
* Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers
* Renal toxicity
* Increased risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events, myocardial infarction, and stroke.
## Key Drug Interactions
* **Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin):** Increased risk of bleeding.
* **Aspirin:** May decrease the cardioprotective effect of low-dose aspirin.
* **Corticosteroids:** Increased risk of GI ulceration and bleeding.
* **Diuretics:** May reduce the diuretic and antihypertensive effect.
* **Lithium:** Increased lithium levels and toxicity.
* **Methotrexate:** Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity.
## Monitoring
* Monitor for signs of GI bleeding (e.g., melena, hematemesis).
* Assess for signs of renal dysfunction (e.g., decreased urine output, elevated creatinine).
* Monitor blood pressure, especially in patients with hypertension.
* Assess for cardiovascular risk factors.
## Clinical Pearls
* Administer with food or milk to minimize GI upset.
* Lowest effective dose for the shortest duration should be used to minimize risks.
* Avoid in patients with established heart failure or significant cardiovascular risk factors unless benefits clearly outweigh risks.
* Ensure adequate hydration, especially in pediatric patients.
***
*Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes and does not substitute for current prescribing information, product monographs, or professional medical advice. Always verify current drug information with the official prescribing information and consult with a healthcare professional.*
