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# Clobazam (Oral Formulation)
## Overview
Clobazam is a benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant properties. It acts by enhancing the effect of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
## Primary Indications
Adjunctive treatment for seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in patients 2 years of age and older.
## Adult Dosing
* **Starting Dose:** 5 mg twice daily.
* **Titration:** Increase dose by 5-10 mg every week based on response and tolerability.
* **Maintenance Dose:** Typically 10-20 mg twice daily.
* **Maximum Dose:** 20 mg twice daily (40 mg per day).
## Pediatric Dosing (2 years and older)
* **Starting Dose:** 5 mg twice daily.
* **Titration:** Increase dose by 2.5-5 mg every week based on response and tolerability.
* **Maintenance Dose:** Typically 5-10 mg twice daily.
* **Maximum Dose:** 10 mg twice daily (20 mg per day).
Dosing should be individualized and adjusted based on clinical response, tolerability, and specific patient factors.
## Dose Adjustments
* **Hepatic Impairment:** Use with caution. Data is limited; consider a lower starting dose and slower titration.
* **Renal Impairment:** No specific dose adjustment, but use with caution as clobazam and its active metabolite (N-desmethylclobazam) are renally excreted.
## Contraindications
* Known hypersensitivity to clobazam or other benzodiazepines.
* Severe hepatic impairment.
## Adverse Effects
Common adverse effects include somnolence, decreased appetite, constipation, aggression, irritability, and upper respiratory tract infections. Serious adverse effects can include suicidal behavior or ideation, severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis), and withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt discontinuation.
## Key Drug
